The top 10 healthiest fruits and vegetables to add to your diet, according to nutritionists

GettyImages 536148506 — Tomatoes and carrots are considered some of the healthiest fruits and vegetables.
Stevens Fremont/Getty Images

The healthiest fruits include blueberries, bananas, avocados, and citrus fruits.
The healthiest vegetables include kale, spinach, carrots, and sweet potatoes.
Fruits and vegetables are considered healthy because they contain high amounts of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals and are often low in calories.
Visit Insider’s Health Reference library for more advice.

Fruits and vegetables are typically low in calories and high in nutrients, which means they’re a great source of food to fuel your body.

We talked to dietitians to figure out what makes fruits and vegetables so healthy and which 10 fruits and vegetables you should start incorporating into your diet.

What makes fruits and vegetables healthy?

Fruits and vegetables are healthy because they are packed with essential nutrients your body needs to function normally. Here are the types of nutrients most fruits and vegetables offer:

Vitamins are a collection of organic molecules that are essential nutrients, meaning our bodies cannot make enough of them on their own and you have to get them from your diet, says Gina Keatley, RD, a certified dietitian-nutritionist based in New York City.

Vitamins are important for your overall health and support your immune system, help convert food into energy, and keep nerves healthy. Some common vitamins include:

Minerals are also essential nutrients. Unlike vitamins, minerals are inorganic elements that come from the soil and water and are absorbed by plants or eaten by animals.

Minerals promote bone, heart, brain, and muscle health. Some common minerals include:

Phytochemicals are chemical compounds found in plants that give fruits and vegetables their color, taste, and smell. Phytochemicals support immune function and have antioxidant properties, which means they prevent cell damage.

"[Phytochemicals are] not necessarily essential for our bodies to function like vitamins and minerals are, but they do provide benefits to our health," says Colleen Christenson, a registered dietitian-nutritionist with a virtual private practice.

Common phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables include:

Anthocyanins
Carotenoids
Flavonoids

The following table shows some of the nutrients you might find in common fruits and vegetables and how they can improve your health.

Here are 10 healthy fruits and vegetables you should consider adding to your diet:

1. Blueberries

Blueberries are loaded with antioxidants. Antioxidants protect cells from oxidative stress - a process in which too many free radicals accumulate in the body and damage cells. Free radicals form through normal bodily processes like metabolizing food or from outside sources like pollution or sunlight

A 2012 study compared blackberries, blueberries, and strawberries and found that blueberries had the highest antioxidant capacity.

2. Bananas

GettyImages 1144407389 — Bananas contain potassium, which functions as an electrolyte and nutrient.
fitri iskandar zakariah/Getty Images

Bananas are good sources of fiber and potassium. Fiber helps relieve constipation and can help manage weight. Potassium is a mineral required for muscles - like your heart - to contract.

"One medium-sized banana contains about 420mg of potassium, which is quite a bit more than other fruits such as blueberries which have closer to 60mg per ½ cup," says Christensen.

3. Avocados

avocado seed — Avocados contain omega-3 fatty acids which can reduce your risk of heart disease.
olindana/Getty Images

Avocados are packed with healthy fats, like omega-3 fatty acids, which improve heart health.

It's important to consume healthy fats because, "some vitamins, such as vitamins A, D, E and K, are fat-soluble meaning that our bodies need fats in order to absorb and utilize them," says Christensen.

4. Tomatoes

FILE PHOTO: Tomatoes are on display for sale at a regional market in Laprade, France July 18, 2019. REUTERS/Regis Duvignau — Tomatoes are one of the only vegetables that improves in nutritional content once cooked.
Reuters

Tomatoes are high in a phytochemical called lycopene, which has strong antioxidant properties, possibly protecting against cancer and disease risk.

Most vegetables lose nutrients when cooked. However, cooking tomatoes actually boosts the lycopene concentration in the fruit.

5. Citrus fruits

Citrus fruits, like lemons and grapefruits, contain high amounts of vitamin C, flavonoids, and fiber.

They are especially rich in vitamin C, which has antioxidant properties and is known for keeping your immune system functioning.

6. Sweet potatoes

GettyImages 1204782120 — The orange color of sweet potatoes comes from beta carotene.
Aniko Hobel/Getty Images

Sweet potatoes are rich in beta carotenes, a form of vitamin A. Vitamin A is crucial for eye health as it prevents dry eyes and protects night vision.

Sweet potatoes also contain vitamins B5 and B6. Vitamin B5 breaks down fats while vitamin B6 helps with metabolism, brain development during pregnancy and infancy, and immune system function.

7. Kale

Kale is one of the most nutrient-dense vegetables. It contains vitamins K, A, and C, all of which benefit your overall health including your heart, blood, eyes, immune system, and skin. It also has minerals like calcium, potassium, copper, and manganese.

8. Spinach

GettyImages 1136373901 — Spinach contains high amounts of electrolytes like potassium and magnesium.
Julia_Sudnitskaya/Getty Images

Spinach is a good source of potassium and magnesium, which are important minerals for electrolyte balance and regulating blood pressure. It is also rich in vitamins A, K, and folate - a B vitamin that promotes normal cell growth and division.

9. Carrots

glazed baby carrots vegetables seasoning — Carrots are a good source of fiber.
iStock / Getty Images Plus / Brycia James

Carrots are high vitamin A, which is why they are known to strengthen your eyes. They are also a great source of fiber and antioxidants.

10. Garlic

"Aside from making your food a little more flavorful with limited addition of calories, [garlic is] loaded with phytonutrients," says Keatley.

One of the phytonutrients found in garlic, called allicin, has antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Insider's takeaway

Fruits and vegetables are loaded with vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals which offer tons of health benefits. Generally, it's better to get the nutrients you need through your diet, rather than through pills or supplements. Keatley says the key to making sure you're getting all the nutrients your body needs is to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables.